{
  "dataset": "Agentic Commerce Observatory",
  "datasetVersion": "2026-09-01",
  "inclusionRule": "Each adoption row has a source URL in the published protocol data. This is not a production-certification registry.",
  "protocols": [
    {
      "name": "Agentic Commerce Protocol",
      "slug": "acp",
      "acronym": "ACP",
      "seoTitle": "Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP): Spec & SPT Guide",
      "seoDescription": "Independent guide to the OpenAI and Stripe ACP spec, Shared Payment Tokens and its March 2026 shift from Instant Checkout to product discovery.",
      "porteur": "OpenAI and Stripe",
      "governance": "Founding maintainers OpenAI and Stripe, with a stated path toward broader community governance",
      "licence": "Apache 2.0",
      "perimetre": "Open standard connecting buyers, their AI agents and merchants; it powered Instant Checkout in ChatGPT from September 2025, and since March 2026 it carries product discovery, merchant feeds and promotions into ChatGPT while merchants run their own checkout",
      "transport": "HTTP (OpenAPI/JSON Schema); MCP support added in the 2026-04-17 spec",
      "paiement": "Delegated Payments Spec; Stripe Shared Payment Token (SPT) for agent-initiated payments without exposing credentials",
      "maturite": "beta",
      "officialAnnouncementDate": "2025-09-29",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
      "keyFeatures": [
        "Co-developed by Stripe and OpenAI, announced 29 September 2025",
        "Open source under Apache 2.0, spec maintained on GitHub by OpenAI and Stripe",
        "Powered Instant Checkout in ChatGPT from September 2025 (Etsy first, then Shopify merchants)",
        "On 24 March 2026 OpenAI extended ACP to product discovery and let merchants keep their own checkout, saying the initial Instant Checkout did not offer the flexibility it wanted",
        "Target, Sephora, Nordstrom, Lowe's, Best Buy, The Home Depot and Wayfair integrated ACP for discovery",
        "Merchant stays merchant of record; works with existing payment processors",
        "One-line enablement for existing Stripe merchants via Shared Payment Token"
      ],
      "adoption": [
        {
          "actor": "OpenAI",
          "role": "AI agent surface",
          "date": "2025-09-29",
          "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/buy-it-in-chatgpt/",
          "note": "Reference implementation for ChatGPT Instant Checkout"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Stripe",
          "role": "Payment processor",
          "date": "2025-09-29",
          "source_url": "https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/stripe-openai-instant-checkout",
          "note": "Co-author; Shared Payment Token API"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Etsy",
          "role": "Merchant platform",
          "date": "2025-09-29",
          "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/buy-it-in-chatgpt/",
          "note": "First merchants live in Instant Checkout"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Shopify",
          "role": "Merchant platform",
          "date": "2025-09-29",
          "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/buy-it-in-chatgpt/",
          "note": "Announced as coming soon to Instant Checkout"
        },
        {
          "actor": "OpenAI",
          "role": "AI agent surface",
          "date": "2026-03-24",
          "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/powering-product-discovery-in-chatgpt/",
          "note": "Extends ACP to product discovery; merchants keep their own checkout instead of Instant Checkout"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Target, Sephora, Nordstrom, Lowe's, Best Buy, The Home Depot, Wayfair",
          "role": "Retailers",
          "date": "2026-03-24",
          "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/powering-product-discovery-in-chatgpt/",
          "note": "Named as integrated into ACP for discovery"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Walmart",
          "role": "Retailer",
          "date": "2026-03-24",
          "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/powering-product-discovery-in-chatgpt/",
          "note": "In-ChatGPT app with account linking, loyalty and Walmart payments, alongside ACP discovery"
        }
      ],
      "evidence_refs": [
        "EV-001",
        "EV-002",
        "EV-003",
        "EV-004",
        "EV-005",
        "EV-018",
        "EV-052",
        "EV-053"
      ],
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "name": "Universal Commerce Protocol",
      "slug": "ucp",
      "acronym": "UCP",
      "seoTitle": "What Is the Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP)?",
      "seoDescription": "UCP, the Universal Commerce Protocol by Google and Shopify (11 Jan 2026), was announced for checkout in Google AI Mode and Gemini. Dated sources.",
      "porteur": "Google and Shopify (with Etsy, Wayfair, Target, Walmart)",
      "governance": "Open-source project co-developed by Google, Shopify, Etsy, Wayfair, Target and Walmart; specification maintained on GitHub (Universal-Commerce-Protocol/ucp)",
      "licence": "Apache 2.0",
      "perimetre": "Open standard for agentic commerce across the full shopping journey (discovery, buying, post-purchase); Google announced a future checkout rollout in AI Mode and the Gemini app, with the retailer remaining seller of record",
      "transport": "Transport-agnostic: capabilities served over REST APIs, MCP or A2A",
      "paiement": "Payment Token Exchange capability between PSPs and credential providers; Google Pay announced for the initial checkout rollout and PayPal as a future option; supports AP2 mandates and verifiable credentials",
      "maturite": "beta",
      "officialAnnouncementDate": "2026-01-11",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-08-30",
      "keyFeatures": [
        "Launched by Google on 11 January 2026, co-developed with Shopify, Etsy, Wayfair, Target and Walmart",
        "Endorsed by more than 20 organizations, including Adyen, American Express, Best Buy, Flipkart, Mastercard, Stripe, Visa and Zalando",
        "Covers the full shopping journey: discovery, checkout and post-purchase support",
        "Transport-agnostic: capabilities served over REST APIs, MCP or A2A; compatible with A2A, AP2 and MCP",
        "Open source under Apache 2.0 on GitHub; latest specification release v2026-08-25",
        "The August 2026 release adds multi-vertical foundations, location capabilities and grocery-ready quantities",
        "The August 2026 release adds vendor-neutral 3DS2 flows, split and deferred payments, granular consent and a loyalty extension",
        "Google announced that UCP would power a future agentic checkout rollout in AI Mode and the Gemini app; the retailer remains seller of record"
      ],
      "adoption": [
        {
          "actor": "Google",
          "role": "Platform (AI Mode in Search, Gemini app)",
          "date": "2026-01-11",
          "source_url": "https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/agentic-commerce-ai-tools-protocol-retailers-platforms/",
          "note": "Launch announcement; future agentic checkout rollout on Google surfaces"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Shopify",
          "role": "Co-developer",
          "date": "2026-01-11",
          "source_url": "https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/agentic-commerce-ai-tools-protocol-retailers-platforms/",
          "note": "Named co-developer in the launch announcement"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Etsy",
          "role": "Co-developer",
          "date": "2026-01-11",
          "source_url": "https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/agentic-commerce-ai-tools-protocol-retailers-platforms/",
          "note": "Named co-developer in the launch announcement"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Wayfair",
          "role": "Co-developer",
          "date": "2026-01-11",
          "source_url": "https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/agentic-commerce-ai-tools-protocol-retailers-platforms/",
          "note": "Named co-developer in the launch announcement"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Target",
          "role": "Co-developer",
          "date": "2026-01-11",
          "source_url": "https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/agentic-commerce-ai-tools-protocol-retailers-platforms/",
          "note": "Named co-developer in the launch announcement"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Walmart",
          "role": "Co-developer",
          "date": "2026-01-11",
          "source_url": "https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/agentic-commerce-ai-tools-protocol-retailers-platforms/",
          "note": "Named co-developer in the launch announcement"
        }
      ],
      "evidence_refs": [
        "EV-024",
        "EV-025",
        "EV-054"
      ],
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "name": "Agent Payments Protocol",
      "slug": "ap2",
      "acronym": "AP2",
      "seoTitle": "Agent Payments Protocol (AP2) Explained",
      "seoDescription": "AP2, the Agent Payments Protocol announced by Google on 16 Sep 2025 and donated to the FIDO Alliance on 28 Apr 2026. Governance, v0.2 and adoption, dated.",
      "porteur": "Created by Google; donated to the FIDO Alliance",
      "governance": "Announced and initially led by Google Cloud with more than 60 organizations; ownership transferred to the FIDO Alliance on 28 April 2026 to keep the protocol platform-agnostic and community-led; public technical specification on GitHub",
      "licence": "Open specification (public GitHub repository)",
      "perimetre": "An open, payment-agnostic protocol to securely initiate and transact agent-led payments across platforms; uses verifiable credentials / mandates to capture user intent",
      "transport": "Extension of the Agent2Agent (A2A) protocol and Model Context Protocol (MCP)",
      "paiement": "Payment-agnostic: cards, stablecoins and real-time bank transfers; crypto via the A2A x402 extension",
      "maturite": "donated",
      "officialAnnouncementDate": "2025-09-16",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
      "keyFeatures": [
        "Announced by Google on 16 September 2025",
        "Donated to the FIDO Alliance on 28 April 2026; ownership left Google to keep AP2 platform-agnostic and community-led",
        "AP2 v0.2, released the same day, adds Human Not Present payments so an agent can execute a pre-authorized purchase autonomously",
        "Verifiable Intent, an AP2-compatible tamper-proof log of user-authorized agent actions co-developed with Mastercard, is also being donated to FIDO",
        "Developed with more than 60 organizations (Mastercard, PayPal, American Express, Adyen, Coinbase, Etsy and others)",
        "Designed as an extension of the A2A protocol and MCP",
        "Payment-agnostic framework spanning cards, stablecoins and bank transfers",
        "Crypto payments enabled through the A2A x402 extension"
      ],
      "adoption": [
        {
          "actor": "Google Cloud",
          "role": "Protocol author",
          "date": "2025-09-16",
          "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
          "note": "Announced and stewards the protocol"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Mastercard",
          "role": "Payment network",
          "date": "2025-09-16",
          "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
          "note": "Named launch collaborator"
        },
        {
          "actor": "PayPal",
          "role": "Payments platform",
          "date": "2025-09-16",
          "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
          "note": "Named launch collaborator"
        },
        {
          "actor": "American Express",
          "role": "Payment network",
          "date": "2025-09-16",
          "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
          "note": "Named launch collaborator"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Coinbase",
          "role": "Crypto / x402 extension",
          "date": "2025-09-16",
          "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
          "note": "Named collaborator; x402 extension for crypto"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Intuit",
          "role": "Financial software",
          "date": "2025-09-16",
          "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
          "note": "Named launch collaborator"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Worldpay",
          "role": "Payment processor",
          "date": "2025-09-16",
          "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
          "note": "Named launch collaborator"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Salesforce",
          "role": "CRM and commerce",
          "date": "2025-09-16",
          "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
          "note": "Named launch collaborator"
        },
        {
          "actor": "FIDO Alliance",
          "role": "Standards body",
          "date": "2026-04-28",
          "source_url": "https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/platforms/google-pay/agent-payments-protocol-fido-alliance/",
          "note": "Google donated AP2 to the FIDO Alliance; ownership transferred to keep the protocol platform-agnostic and community-led"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Mastercard",
          "role": "Payment network",
          "date": "2026-04-28",
          "source_url": "https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/platforms/google-pay/agent-payments-protocol-fido-alliance/",
          "note": "Co-developed Verifiable Intent, an AP2-compatible standard also being donated to FIDO"
        }
      ],
      "evidence_refs": [
        "EV-006",
        "EV-007",
        "EV-008",
        "EV-009",
        "EV-021",
        "EV-050",
        "EV-051"
      ],
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "name": "Model Context Protocol",
      "slug": "mcp",
      "acronym": "MCP",
      "seoTitle": "What Is the Model Context Protocol (MCP)?",
      "seoDescription": "MCP, the Model Context Protocol by Anthropic (25 Nov 2024, now Linux Foundation), connects AI agents to tools and data. What it is, license and its role.",
      "porteur": "Created by Anthropic; named as a founding technical contribution to the Agentic AI Foundation (Linux Foundation)",
      "governance": "Introduced by Anthropic; named on 9 December 2025 as a founding technical contribution to the Agentic AI Foundation, a directed fund under the Linux Foundation, alongside Block's goose and OpenAI's AGENTS.md",
      "licence": "MIT",
      "perimetre": "An open standard that connects AI applications and agents to external systems (tools, data, business apps). It is the context/tool layer, not a payment protocol; commerce protocols such as AP2 and ACP build on or extend it",
      "transport": "JSON-RPC 2.0 over stdio and stateless streamable HTTP in specification version 2026-07-28",
      "paiement": "None natively; MCP provides the tool and context layer that payment protocols (AP2, ACP, x402) connect to",
      "maturite": "stable",
      "officialAnnouncementDate": "2024-11-25",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
      "keyFeatures": [
        "Introduced and open-sourced by Anthropic on 25 November 2024",
        "Created by David Soria Parra and Justin Spahr-Summers at Anthropic",
        "Named as a founding technical contribution to the Agentic AI Foundation (Linux Foundation) on 9 December 2025",
        "More than 10,000 published MCP servers when the AAIF was announced",
        "Adopted by Claude, Cursor, Microsoft Copilot, Gemini, VS Code and ChatGPT",
        "Licensed under MIT",
        "Specification 2026-07-28 replaces protocol sessions with a stateless request and response core",
        "The July 2026 release adds header-based routing, cache hints, authorization hardening and a formal extensions framework",
        "Commerce platforms expose MCP endpoints for agents: Shopify (public MCP endpoint, Jun 2026) and WooCommerce (native MCP, developer preview)"
      ],
      "adoption": [
        {
          "actor": "Anthropic",
          "role": "Creator / steward",
          "date": "2024-11-25",
          "source_url": "https://anthropic.com/news/model-context-protocol",
          "note": "Introduced and open-sourced MCP"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Linux Foundation (Agentic AI Foundation)",
          "role": "Governance home",
          "date": "2025-12-09",
          "source_url": "https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-announces-the-formation-of-the-agentic-ai-foundation",
          "note": "MCP named as a founding technical contribution to AAIF"
        },
        {
          "actor": "OpenAI",
          "role": "Adopter; AGENTS.md contributor to AAIF formation",
          "date": "2025-12-09",
          "source_url": "https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-announces-the-formation-of-the-agentic-ai-foundation",
          "note": "ChatGPT supports MCP; OpenAI contributed AGENTS.md to the AAIF formation"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Shopify",
          "role": "Commerce platform (MCP endpoint)",
          "date": "2026-06-17",
          "source_url": "https://www.shopify.com/news/spring-26-edition-dev",
          "note": "Exposed a public MCP endpoint for its agentic commerce layer (Spring 2026 Edition)"
        },
        {
          "actor": "WooCommerce",
          "role": "Commerce platform (MCP integration)",
          "date": "2026-06-18",
          "source_url": "https://developer.woocommerce.com/docs/features/mcp/",
          "note": "Native MCP support exposing store operations as tools (developer preview)"
        }
      ],
      "evidence_refs": [
        "EV-010",
        "EV-011",
        "EV-012",
        "EV-013",
        "EV-019",
        "EV-046",
        "EV-048",
        "EV-055"
      ],
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "name": "x402",
      "slug": "x402",
      "acronym": "x402",
      "seoTitle": "x402 Protocol Explained: HTTP-Native Payments",
      "seoDescription": "x402, Coinbase's HTTP-native payment standard (6 May 2025): stablecoin payments over the 402 status code. Scope, transport, settlement and adoption, dated.",
      "porteur": "Created by Coinbase; specification stewarded by the x402 Foundation",
      "governance": "Launched by Coinbase; the specification was transferred to the x402 Foundation (the coinbase/x402 repository is now a development fork); homepage x402.org",
      "licence": "Apache 2.0",
      "perimetre": "An open payment standard for internet-native payments built on the HTTP 402 (Payment Required) status code; transport-agnostic, designed for humans, apps and AI agents",
      "transport": "HTTP (402 status code and payment headers); transport-agnostic, with MCP and A2A representations",
      "paiement": "On-chain stablecoin settlement via facilitators; the exact scheme uses EIP-712 and EIP-3009 on EVM networks and TransferChecked on Solana",
      "maturite": "stable",
      "officialAnnouncementDate": "2025-05-06",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-01",
      "keyFeatures": [
        "Launched by Coinbase on 6 May 2025",
        "Revives the dormant HTTP 402 Payment Required status code for native payments",
        "Launched with collaborators AWS, Anthropic, Circle and NEAR",
        "On-chain settlement via facilitators; exact uses EIP-712 and EIP-3009 on EVM networks and TransferChecked on Solana",
        "Specification transferred to the x402 Foundation; licensed under Apache 2.0",
        "Surpassed 100 million cumulative transactions on Base through Q1 2026, per Chainalysis, with a meme-coin farming caveat",
        "Coinbase and AWS integrated x402 into Amazon Bedrock AgentCore Payments and AWS CloudFront and WAF in June 2026"
      ],
      "adoption": [
        {
          "actor": "Coinbase",
          "role": "Creator / facilitator",
          "date": "2025-05-06",
          "source_url": "https://www.coinbase.com/developer-platform/discover/launches/x402",
          "note": "Launched x402 and operates a hosted facilitator"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Circle",
          "role": "Stablecoin issuer",
          "date": "2025-05-06",
          "source_url": "https://www.coinbase.com/developer-platform/discover/launches/x402",
          "note": "Named launch collaborator (USDC)"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Anthropic",
          "role": "AI platform",
          "date": "2025-05-06",
          "source_url": "https://www.coinbase.com/developer-platform/discover/launches/x402",
          "note": "Named launch collaborator"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Google (AP2)",
          "role": "Crypto extension",
          "date": "2025-09-16",
          "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
          "note": "AP2 extends crypto payments via the A2A x402 extension"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Amazon Web Services (AWS)",
          "role": "Infrastructure; edge and agent runtime",
          "date": "2026-06-15",
          "source_url": "https://www.coinbase.com/blog/coinbase-and-aws-let-publishers-accept-agents-as-customers-via-x402",
          "note": "Publishers on CloudFront and WAF can charge agents through x402, initially with USDC settlement on Base"
        }
      ],
      "evidence_refs": [
        "EV-014",
        "EV-015",
        "EV-020",
        "EV-022",
        "EV-023",
        "EV-044",
        "EV-047"
      ],
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trusted Agent Protocol",
      "slug": "tap",
      "acronym": "TAP",
      "seoTitle": "Visa Trusted Agent Protocol (TAP): RFC 9421 Guide",
      "seoDescription": "Independent guide to Visa TAP: how RFC 9421 signatures help merchants verify AI agents, what is signed, its scope, limits and adoption.",
      "porteur": "Visa, developed in collaboration with Cloudflare",
      "governance": "Published by Visa (Visa Developer Center and GitHub); Visa states alignment work with standards bodies IETF, OpenID Foundation and EMVCo",
      "licence": "Public repository on GitHub (custom license, see LICENSE.md in the repo)",
      "perimetre": "Trust framework for agentic commerce: lets merchants cryptographically verify approved AI agents (agent intent, consumer recognition, optional payment information) and distinguish them from malicious bots at checkout",
      "transport": "HTTP Message Signatures (RFC 9421), aligned with Web Bot Auth; extendable to non-web message protocols",
      "paiement": "Agents can optionally carry payment data to support the merchant's preferred checkout; initial specifications apply to the Visa network",
      "maturite": "beta",
      "officialAnnouncementDate": "2025-10-14",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-06-18",
      "keyFeatures": [
        "Unveiled by Visa on 14 October 2025, developed in collaboration with Cloudflare",
        "Cryptographic agent signatures bound to the merchant domain and operation, with anti-replay protections",
        "Three information layers: agent intent, consumer recognition, optional payment information",
        "Built on HTTP Message Signatures (RFC 9421) and aligned with Web Bot Auth",
        "Early partner feedback from Adyen, Ant International, Checkout.com, Coinbase, CyberSource, Elavon, Fiserv, Microsoft, Nuvei, Shopify, Stripe and Worldpay",
        "Positioned by Visa as complementary to ACP, with x402 interoperability work alongside Coinbase",
        "Part of Visa Intelligent Commerce, expanded at Visa Payments Forum 2026 (10 Jun 2026) with Agent Score, an Agentic Directory and a Large Transaction Model"
      ],
      "adoption": [
        {
          "actor": "Visa",
          "role": "Author",
          "date": "2025-10-14",
          "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21716.html",
          "note": "Protocol published in the Visa Developer Center and on GitHub"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Cloudflare",
          "role": "Co-development collaborator",
          "date": "2025-10-14",
          "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21716.html",
          "note": "Named development collaborator in the launch release"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Microsoft",
          "role": "Early partner (feedback)",
          "date": "2025-10-14",
          "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21716.html",
          "note": "Named early partner in the launch release"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Shopify",
          "role": "Early partner (feedback)",
          "date": "2025-10-14",
          "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21716.html",
          "note": "Named early partner in the launch release"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Stripe",
          "role": "Early partner (feedback)",
          "date": "2025-10-14",
          "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21716.html",
          "note": "Named early partner in the launch release"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Coinbase",
          "role": "Early partner; x402 interoperability",
          "date": "2025-10-14",
          "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21716.html",
          "note": "Visa states collaboration with Coinbase on x402 interoperability"
        },
        {
          "actor": "OpenAI",
          "role": "AI platform partner (Visa Intelligent Commerce)",
          "date": "2026-06-10",
          "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseid.22496.html",
          "note": "Strategic Visa and OpenAI collaboration for tokenized, agent-initiated Visa payments inside OpenAI experiences"
        }
      ],
      "evidence_refs": [
        "EV-027",
        "EV-028",
        "EV-036",
        "EV-037"
      ],
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mastercard Agent Pay",
      "slug": "agent-pay",
      "acronym": "Agent Pay",
      "seoTitle": "Mastercard Agent Pay: Partners, Tokens and AP4M",
      "seoDescription": "Independent guide to Mastercard Agent Pay: Agentic Tokens, verified AI agents, merchant acceptance, partners, AP4M and its proprietary network model.",
      "porteur": "Mastercard",
      "governance": "Proprietary Mastercard program (not an open-source specification); Mastercard states collaboration with industry players to advance agentic payment standards",
      "licence": "Proprietary network program (no open-source license)",
      "perimetre": "Agentic payments program: registered and verified AI agents transact on a consumer's behalf using Mastercard Agentic Tokens, with consumer controls, transaction transparency, fraud protection and dispute support",
      "transport": "Mastercard tokenization rails (Agentic Tokens, building on the capabilities behind contactless, secure card-on-file and Payment Passkeys); integrations with AI platforms such as Microsoft Azure OpenAI Service and Copilot Studio",
      "paiement": "Card payments via Mastercard Agentic Tokens, including virtual corporate card tokens for B2B use cases",
      "maturite": "announced",
      "officialAnnouncementDate": "2025-04-29",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-06-18",
      "keyFeatures": [
        "Announced by Mastercard on 29 April 2025 as its Agentic Payments Program",
        "Introduces Mastercard Agentic Tokens, built on proven tokenization capabilities",
        "Trusted agents must be registered and verified before paying on a user's behalf",
        "Consumer controls over what an agent may purchase, with end-to-end fraud protection and dispute support",
        "Collaborations announced with Microsoft (Azure OpenAI Service, Copilot Studio), IBM watsonx Orchestrate, Braintree and Checkout.com",
        "Every player in the value chain can recognize agent-initiated transactions",
        "Extended on 10 June 2026 with Agent Pay for Machines (AP4M) for machine-speed agent-to-agent payments and microtransactions, with 30+ launch partners"
      ],
      "adoption": [
        {
          "actor": "Mastercard",
          "role": "Author",
          "date": "2025-04-29",
          "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/global/en/news-and-trends/press/2025/april/mastercard-unveils-agent-pay-pioneering-agentic-payments-technology-to-power-commerce-in-the-age-of-ai.html",
          "note": "Agent Pay program launch"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Microsoft",
          "role": "AI platform collaboration",
          "date": "2025-04-29",
          "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/global/en/news-and-trends/press/2025/april/mastercard-unveils-agent-pay-pioneering-agentic-payments-technology-to-power-commerce-in-the-age-of-ai.html",
          "note": "Azure OpenAI Service and Copilot Studio use cases"
        },
        {
          "actor": "IBM",
          "role": "Technology enabler (B2B)",
          "date": "2025-04-29",
          "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/global/en/news-and-trends/press/2025/april/mastercard-unveils-agent-pay-pioneering-agentic-payments-technology-to-power-commerce-in-the-age-of-ai.html",
          "note": "watsonx Orchestrate for B2B use cases"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Braintree",
          "role": "Checkout / acquiring partner",
          "date": "2025-04-29",
          "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/global/en/news-and-trends/press/2025/april/mastercard-unveils-agent-pay-pioneering-agentic-payments-technology-to-power-commerce-in-the-age-of-ai.html",
          "note": "Named acquirer/checkout partner"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Checkout.com",
          "role": "Checkout / acquiring partner",
          "date": "2025-04-29",
          "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/global/en/news-and-trends/press/2025/april/mastercard-unveils-agent-pay-pioneering-agentic-payments-technology-to-power-commerce-in-the-age-of-ai.html",
          "note": "Named acquirer/checkout partner"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Adyen",
          "role": "Agent Pay for Machines launch partner",
          "date": "2026-06-10",
          "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/us/en/news-and-trends/press/2026/june/mastercard-launches-agent-pay-for-machines.html",
          "note": "Among 30+ launch partners for Agent Pay for Machines (AP4M)"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Coinbase",
          "role": "Agent Pay for Machines launch partner",
          "date": "2026-06-10",
          "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/us/en/news-and-trends/press/2026/june/mastercard-launches-agent-pay-for-machines.html",
          "note": "Among 30+ launch partners for Agent Pay for Machines (AP4M)"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Stripe",
          "role": "Agent Pay for Machines launch partner",
          "date": "2026-06-10",
          "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/us/en/news-and-trends/press/2026/june/mastercard-launches-agent-pay-for-machines.html",
          "note": "Among 30+ launch partners for Agent Pay for Machines (AP4M)"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Cloudflare",
          "role": "Agent Pay for Machines launch partner",
          "date": "2026-06-10",
          "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/us/en/news-and-trends/press/2026/june/mastercard-launches-agent-pay-for-machines.html",
          "note": "Among 30+ launch partners for Agent Pay for Machines (AP4M)"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Getnet by Santander",
          "role": "Acquirer; provider-described first Latin America Agent Pay transaction",
          "date": "2026-06-09",
          "source_url": "https://www.santander.com/en/press-room/press-releases/2026/06/getnet-develops-infrastructure-that-enables-businesses-to-accept-ai-agent-initiated-payments",
          "note": "With Mastercard and Neivor; the parties described it as the first real-world case in Mexico and Latin America"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Nordea",
          "role": "Issuer; provider-described first Finnish Agent Pay transaction",
          "date": "2026-06-05",
          "source_url": "https://www.nordea.com/en/news/first-ever-finnish-ai-agent-payment-mastercard-and-nordea-completes-live-agentic-transaction",
          "note": "Live agentic transaction on a Nordea Mastercard, orchestrated via PayOS"
        },
        {
          "actor": "ING",
          "role": "Issuer; provider-described first European agentic payment",
          "date": "2026-06-02",
          "source_url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/06/02/3305397/0/en/WORLDLINE-Worldline-and-ING-complete-a-live-end-to-end-European-agentic-payment-in-production-Press-release.html",
          "note": "With Worldline and Mastercard; the parties described it as Europe's first end-to-end agentic payment in production"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Worldline",
          "role": "Processor; provider-described first European agentic payment",
          "date": "2026-06-02",
          "source_url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/06/02/3305397/0/en/WORLDLINE-Worldline-and-ING-complete-a-live-end-to-end-European-agentic-payment-in-production-Press-release.html",
          "note": "With ING and Mastercard; the parties described it as Europe's first end-to-end agentic payment in production"
        }
      ],
      "evidence_refs": [
        "EV-029",
        "EV-038",
        "EV-040",
        "EV-041",
        "EV-042"
      ],
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "name": "Agent2Agent Protocol",
      "slug": "a2a",
      "acronym": "A2A",
      "seoTitle": "A2A Protocol v1.0: Official Spec, TCK & SDKs",
      "seoDescription": "Independent A2A Protocol v1.0 guide with direct links to the official spec, compatibility kit, SDKs, Linux Foundation governance and A2A vs MCP.",
      "porteur": "Created by Google; now a Linux Foundation project",
      "governance": "Linux Foundation Agent2Agent project (announced 23 June 2025 with Amazon Web Services, Cisco, Google, Microsoft, Salesforce, SAP and ServiceNow)",
      "licence": "Apache 2.0",
      "perimetre": "Open standard for agent-to-agent communication: lets AI agents from different vendors and frameworks discover each other, delegate tasks and coordinate work; complementary to MCP (agent-to-tool)",
      "transport": "HTTP-based protocol; specification v1.0 and SDKs (Python, JavaScript, Java, C#, Go) published at a2a-protocol.org",
      "paiement": "None (not a payment protocol); AP2 is designed as an extension of A2A, and crypto payments flow through the A2A x402 extension",
      "maturite": "donated",
      "officialAnnouncementDate": "2025-04-09",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-08-27",
      "keyFeatures": [
        "Announced by Google on 9 April 2025 with support from more than 50 technology partners",
        "Donated to the Linux Foundation on 23 June 2025 (Agent2Agent project with AWS, Cisco, Google, Microsoft, Salesforce, SAP, ServiceNow)",
        "Specification v1.0 published, with official SDKs in Python, JavaScript, Java, C# and Go",
        "Official Technology Compatibility Kit tests gRPC, JSON-RPC and HTTP+JSON implementations",
        "Agents collaborate without exposing internal memory, tools or proprietary logic",
        "Complementary to MCP: A2A is agent-to-agent, MCP is agent-to-tool",
        "Foundation layer for AP2 (payments) and the A2A x402 extension (crypto)"
      ],
      "adoption": [
        {
          "actor": "Google",
          "role": "Creator",
          "date": "2025-04-09",
          "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/a2a-a-new-era-of-agent-interoperability/",
          "note": "Announced with 50+ technology partners"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Amazon Web Services",
          "role": "Linux Foundation project member",
          "date": "2025-06-23",
          "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/",
          "note": "Founding member of the LF Agent2Agent project"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Cisco",
          "role": "Linux Foundation project member",
          "date": "2025-06-23",
          "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/",
          "note": "Founding member of the LF Agent2Agent project"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Microsoft",
          "role": "Linux Foundation project member",
          "date": "2025-06-23",
          "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/",
          "note": "Founding member of the LF Agent2Agent project"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Salesforce",
          "role": "Linux Foundation project member",
          "date": "2025-06-23",
          "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/",
          "note": "Founding member of the LF Agent2Agent project"
        },
        {
          "actor": "SAP",
          "role": "Linux Foundation project member",
          "date": "2025-06-23",
          "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/",
          "note": "Founding member of the LF Agent2Agent project"
        },
        {
          "actor": "ServiceNow",
          "role": "Linux Foundation project member",
          "date": "2025-06-23",
          "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/",
          "note": "Founding member of the LF Agent2Agent project"
        }
      ],
      "evidence_refs": [
        "EV-030",
        "EV-031",
        "EV-065"
      ],
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "name": "Machine Payments Protocol",
      "slug": "mpp",
      "acronym": "MPP",
      "seoTitle": "What Is the Machine Payments Protocol (MPP)?",
      "seoDescription": "MPP, the Machine Payments Protocol by Tempo and Stripe (18 Mar 2026): an open standard for agents to pay over HTTP, in stablecoins or fiat. How it works, dated.",
      "porteur": "Tempo and Stripe (co-authors)",
      "governance": "Open standard co-authored by Tempo and Stripe; specification published at mpp.dev",
      "licence": "Open standard (specification and license terms at mpp.dev)",
      "perimetre": "Internet-native machine payments: a specification for agents and services to coordinate payments programmatically (microtransactions, recurring payments, pay-per-request) against any HTTP or MCP addressable endpoint",
      "transport": "HTTP payment flow: the agent requests a resource, the service responds with a payment request, the agent authorizes and the resource is delivered",
      "paiement": "Stablecoins as well as fiat (cards, buy now pay later) via Stripe Shared Payment Tokens; Stripe integration through the PaymentIntents API",
      "maturite": "beta",
      "officialAnnouncementDate": "2026-03-18",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-06-10",
      "keyFeatures": [
        "Launched on 18 March 2026, co-authored by Tempo and Stripe",
        "Open standard for programmatic agent payments: microtransactions, recurring payments, pay-per-request",
        "Works against any HTTP or MCP addressable endpoint",
        "Supports stablecoins and fiat (cards, BNPL) via Stripe Shared Payment Tokens",
        "Stripe businesses can accept MPP payments in a few lines of code (PaymentIntents API, early access)",
        "Already powering pay-per-use models (Browserbase per-session browsers, Parallel per-call web access)"
      ],
      "adoption": [
        {
          "actor": "Tempo",
          "role": "Co-author",
          "date": "2026-03-18",
          "source_url": "https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol",
          "note": "Co-authored the specification"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Stripe",
          "role": "Co-author and payment infrastructure",
          "date": "2026-03-18",
          "source_url": "https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol",
          "note": "MPP acceptance via the PaymentIntents API"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Browserbase",
          "role": "Adopter",
          "date": "2026-03-18",
          "source_url": "https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol",
          "note": "Agents pay per headless-browser session"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Parallel Web Systems",
          "role": "Adopter",
          "date": "2026-03-18",
          "source_url": "https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol",
          "note": "Agents pay per API call for web access"
        },
        {
          "actor": "PostalForm",
          "role": "Adopter",
          "date": "2026-03-18",
          "source_url": "https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol",
          "note": "Agents pay to print and send physical mail"
        }
      ],
      "evidence_refs": [
        "EV-032"
      ],
      "lang": "en"
    }
  ],
  "adoptions": [
    {
      "actor": "OpenAI",
      "role": "AI agent surface",
      "date": "2025-09-29",
      "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/buy-it-in-chatgpt/",
      "note": "Reference implementation for ChatGPT Instant Checkout",
      "protocol": "ACP",
      "protocolSlug": "acp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Stripe",
      "role": "Payment processor",
      "date": "2025-09-29",
      "source_url": "https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/stripe-openai-instant-checkout",
      "note": "Co-author; Shared Payment Token API",
      "protocol": "ACP",
      "protocolSlug": "acp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Etsy",
      "role": "Merchant platform",
      "date": "2025-09-29",
      "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/buy-it-in-chatgpt/",
      "note": "First merchants live in Instant Checkout",
      "protocol": "ACP",
      "protocolSlug": "acp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Shopify",
      "role": "Merchant platform",
      "date": "2025-09-29",
      "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/buy-it-in-chatgpt/",
      "note": "Announced as coming soon to Instant Checkout",
      "protocol": "ACP",
      "protocolSlug": "acp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "OpenAI",
      "role": "AI agent surface",
      "date": "2026-03-24",
      "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/powering-product-discovery-in-chatgpt/",
      "note": "Extends ACP to product discovery; merchants keep their own checkout instead of Instant Checkout",
      "protocol": "ACP",
      "protocolSlug": "acp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Target, Sephora, Nordstrom, Lowe's, Best Buy, The Home Depot, Wayfair",
      "role": "Retailers",
      "date": "2026-03-24",
      "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/powering-product-discovery-in-chatgpt/",
      "note": "Named as integrated into ACP for discovery",
      "protocol": "ACP",
      "protocolSlug": "acp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Walmart",
      "role": "Retailer",
      "date": "2026-03-24",
      "source_url": "https://openai.com/index/powering-product-discovery-in-chatgpt/",
      "note": "In-ChatGPT app with account linking, loyalty and Walmart payments, alongside ACP discovery",
      "protocol": "ACP",
      "protocolSlug": "acp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Google",
      "role": "Platform (AI Mode in Search, Gemini app)",
      "date": "2026-01-11",
      "source_url": "https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/agentic-commerce-ai-tools-protocol-retailers-platforms/",
      "note": "Launch announcement; future agentic checkout rollout on Google surfaces",
      "protocol": "UCP",
      "protocolSlug": "ucp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Shopify",
      "role": "Co-developer",
      "date": "2026-01-11",
      "source_url": "https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/agentic-commerce-ai-tools-protocol-retailers-platforms/",
      "note": "Named co-developer in the launch announcement",
      "protocol": "UCP",
      "protocolSlug": "ucp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Etsy",
      "role": "Co-developer",
      "date": "2026-01-11",
      "source_url": "https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/agentic-commerce-ai-tools-protocol-retailers-platforms/",
      "note": "Named co-developer in the launch announcement",
      "protocol": "UCP",
      "protocolSlug": "ucp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Wayfair",
      "role": "Co-developer",
      "date": "2026-01-11",
      "source_url": "https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/agentic-commerce-ai-tools-protocol-retailers-platforms/",
      "note": "Named co-developer in the launch announcement",
      "protocol": "UCP",
      "protocolSlug": "ucp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Target",
      "role": "Co-developer",
      "date": "2026-01-11",
      "source_url": "https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/agentic-commerce-ai-tools-protocol-retailers-platforms/",
      "note": "Named co-developer in the launch announcement",
      "protocol": "UCP",
      "protocolSlug": "ucp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Walmart",
      "role": "Co-developer",
      "date": "2026-01-11",
      "source_url": "https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/agentic-commerce-ai-tools-protocol-retailers-platforms/",
      "note": "Named co-developer in the launch announcement",
      "protocol": "UCP",
      "protocolSlug": "ucp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Google Cloud",
      "role": "Protocol author",
      "date": "2025-09-16",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
      "note": "Announced and stewards the protocol",
      "protocol": "AP2",
      "protocolSlug": "ap2",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Mastercard",
      "role": "Payment network",
      "date": "2025-09-16",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
      "note": "Named launch collaborator",
      "protocol": "AP2",
      "protocolSlug": "ap2",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "PayPal",
      "role": "Payments platform",
      "date": "2025-09-16",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
      "note": "Named launch collaborator",
      "protocol": "AP2",
      "protocolSlug": "ap2",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "American Express",
      "role": "Payment network",
      "date": "2025-09-16",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
      "note": "Named launch collaborator",
      "protocol": "AP2",
      "protocolSlug": "ap2",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Coinbase",
      "role": "Crypto / x402 extension",
      "date": "2025-09-16",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
      "note": "Named collaborator; x402 extension for crypto",
      "protocol": "AP2",
      "protocolSlug": "ap2",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Intuit",
      "role": "Financial software",
      "date": "2025-09-16",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
      "note": "Named launch collaborator",
      "protocol": "AP2",
      "protocolSlug": "ap2",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Worldpay",
      "role": "Payment processor",
      "date": "2025-09-16",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
      "note": "Named launch collaborator",
      "protocol": "AP2",
      "protocolSlug": "ap2",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Salesforce",
      "role": "CRM and commerce",
      "date": "2025-09-16",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
      "note": "Named launch collaborator",
      "protocol": "AP2",
      "protocolSlug": "ap2",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "FIDO Alliance",
      "role": "Standards body",
      "date": "2026-04-28",
      "source_url": "https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/platforms/google-pay/agent-payments-protocol-fido-alliance/",
      "note": "Google donated AP2 to the FIDO Alliance; ownership transferred to keep the protocol platform-agnostic and community-led",
      "protocol": "AP2",
      "protocolSlug": "ap2",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Mastercard",
      "role": "Payment network",
      "date": "2026-04-28",
      "source_url": "https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/platforms/google-pay/agent-payments-protocol-fido-alliance/",
      "note": "Co-developed Verifiable Intent, an AP2-compatible standard also being donated to FIDO",
      "protocol": "AP2",
      "protocolSlug": "ap2",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Anthropic",
      "role": "Creator / steward",
      "date": "2024-11-25",
      "source_url": "https://anthropic.com/news/model-context-protocol",
      "note": "Introduced and open-sourced MCP",
      "protocol": "MCP",
      "protocolSlug": "mcp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Linux Foundation (Agentic AI Foundation)",
      "role": "Governance home",
      "date": "2025-12-09",
      "source_url": "https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-announces-the-formation-of-the-agentic-ai-foundation",
      "note": "MCP named as a founding technical contribution to AAIF",
      "protocol": "MCP",
      "protocolSlug": "mcp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "OpenAI",
      "role": "Adopter; AGENTS.md contributor to AAIF formation",
      "date": "2025-12-09",
      "source_url": "https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-announces-the-formation-of-the-agentic-ai-foundation",
      "note": "ChatGPT supports MCP; OpenAI contributed AGENTS.md to the AAIF formation",
      "protocol": "MCP",
      "protocolSlug": "mcp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Shopify",
      "role": "Commerce platform (MCP endpoint)",
      "date": "2026-06-17",
      "source_url": "https://www.shopify.com/news/spring-26-edition-dev",
      "note": "Exposed a public MCP endpoint for its agentic commerce layer (Spring 2026 Edition)",
      "protocol": "MCP",
      "protocolSlug": "mcp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "WooCommerce",
      "role": "Commerce platform (MCP integration)",
      "date": "2026-06-18",
      "source_url": "https://developer.woocommerce.com/docs/features/mcp/",
      "note": "Native MCP support exposing store operations as tools (developer preview)",
      "protocol": "MCP",
      "protocolSlug": "mcp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Coinbase",
      "role": "Creator / facilitator",
      "date": "2025-05-06",
      "source_url": "https://www.coinbase.com/developer-platform/discover/launches/x402",
      "note": "Launched x402 and operates a hosted facilitator",
      "protocol": "x402",
      "protocolSlug": "x402",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Circle",
      "role": "Stablecoin issuer",
      "date": "2025-05-06",
      "source_url": "https://www.coinbase.com/developer-platform/discover/launches/x402",
      "note": "Named launch collaborator (USDC)",
      "protocol": "x402",
      "protocolSlug": "x402",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Anthropic",
      "role": "AI platform",
      "date": "2025-05-06",
      "source_url": "https://www.coinbase.com/developer-platform/discover/launches/x402",
      "note": "Named launch collaborator",
      "protocol": "x402",
      "protocolSlug": "x402",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Google (AP2)",
      "role": "Crypto extension",
      "date": "2025-09-16",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
      "note": "AP2 extends crypto payments via the A2A x402 extension",
      "protocol": "x402",
      "protocolSlug": "x402",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Amazon Web Services (AWS)",
      "role": "Infrastructure; edge and agent runtime",
      "date": "2026-06-15",
      "source_url": "https://www.coinbase.com/blog/coinbase-and-aws-let-publishers-accept-agents-as-customers-via-x402",
      "note": "Publishers on CloudFront and WAF can charge agents through x402, initially with USDC settlement on Base",
      "protocol": "x402",
      "protocolSlug": "x402",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Visa",
      "role": "Author",
      "date": "2025-10-14",
      "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21716.html",
      "note": "Protocol published in the Visa Developer Center and on GitHub",
      "protocol": "TAP",
      "protocolSlug": "tap",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Cloudflare",
      "role": "Co-development collaborator",
      "date": "2025-10-14",
      "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21716.html",
      "note": "Named development collaborator in the launch release",
      "protocol": "TAP",
      "protocolSlug": "tap",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Microsoft",
      "role": "Early partner (feedback)",
      "date": "2025-10-14",
      "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21716.html",
      "note": "Named early partner in the launch release",
      "protocol": "TAP",
      "protocolSlug": "tap",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Shopify",
      "role": "Early partner (feedback)",
      "date": "2025-10-14",
      "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21716.html",
      "note": "Named early partner in the launch release",
      "protocol": "TAP",
      "protocolSlug": "tap",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Stripe",
      "role": "Early partner (feedback)",
      "date": "2025-10-14",
      "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21716.html",
      "note": "Named early partner in the launch release",
      "protocol": "TAP",
      "protocolSlug": "tap",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Coinbase",
      "role": "Early partner; x402 interoperability",
      "date": "2025-10-14",
      "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21716.html",
      "note": "Visa states collaboration with Coinbase on x402 interoperability",
      "protocol": "TAP",
      "protocolSlug": "tap",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "OpenAI",
      "role": "AI platform partner (Visa Intelligent Commerce)",
      "date": "2026-06-10",
      "source_url": "https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseid.22496.html",
      "note": "Strategic Visa and OpenAI collaboration for tokenized, agent-initiated Visa payments inside OpenAI experiences",
      "protocol": "TAP",
      "protocolSlug": "tap",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Mastercard",
      "role": "Author",
      "date": "2025-04-29",
      "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/global/en/news-and-trends/press/2025/april/mastercard-unveils-agent-pay-pioneering-agentic-payments-technology-to-power-commerce-in-the-age-of-ai.html",
      "note": "Agent Pay program launch",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Microsoft",
      "role": "AI platform collaboration",
      "date": "2025-04-29",
      "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/global/en/news-and-trends/press/2025/april/mastercard-unveils-agent-pay-pioneering-agentic-payments-technology-to-power-commerce-in-the-age-of-ai.html",
      "note": "Azure OpenAI Service and Copilot Studio use cases",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "IBM",
      "role": "Technology enabler (B2B)",
      "date": "2025-04-29",
      "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/global/en/news-and-trends/press/2025/april/mastercard-unveils-agent-pay-pioneering-agentic-payments-technology-to-power-commerce-in-the-age-of-ai.html",
      "note": "watsonx Orchestrate for B2B use cases",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Braintree",
      "role": "Checkout / acquiring partner",
      "date": "2025-04-29",
      "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/global/en/news-and-trends/press/2025/april/mastercard-unveils-agent-pay-pioneering-agentic-payments-technology-to-power-commerce-in-the-age-of-ai.html",
      "note": "Named acquirer/checkout partner",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Checkout.com",
      "role": "Checkout / acquiring partner",
      "date": "2025-04-29",
      "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/global/en/news-and-trends/press/2025/april/mastercard-unveils-agent-pay-pioneering-agentic-payments-technology-to-power-commerce-in-the-age-of-ai.html",
      "note": "Named acquirer/checkout partner",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Adyen",
      "role": "Agent Pay for Machines launch partner",
      "date": "2026-06-10",
      "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/us/en/news-and-trends/press/2026/june/mastercard-launches-agent-pay-for-machines.html",
      "note": "Among 30+ launch partners for Agent Pay for Machines (AP4M)",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Coinbase",
      "role": "Agent Pay for Machines launch partner",
      "date": "2026-06-10",
      "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/us/en/news-and-trends/press/2026/june/mastercard-launches-agent-pay-for-machines.html",
      "note": "Among 30+ launch partners for Agent Pay for Machines (AP4M)",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Stripe",
      "role": "Agent Pay for Machines launch partner",
      "date": "2026-06-10",
      "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/us/en/news-and-trends/press/2026/june/mastercard-launches-agent-pay-for-machines.html",
      "note": "Among 30+ launch partners for Agent Pay for Machines (AP4M)",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Cloudflare",
      "role": "Agent Pay for Machines launch partner",
      "date": "2026-06-10",
      "source_url": "https://www.mastercard.com/us/en/news-and-trends/press/2026/june/mastercard-launches-agent-pay-for-machines.html",
      "note": "Among 30+ launch partners for Agent Pay for Machines (AP4M)",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Getnet by Santander",
      "role": "Acquirer; provider-described first Latin America Agent Pay transaction",
      "date": "2026-06-09",
      "source_url": "https://www.santander.com/en/press-room/press-releases/2026/06/getnet-develops-infrastructure-that-enables-businesses-to-accept-ai-agent-initiated-payments",
      "note": "With Mastercard and Neivor; the parties described it as the first real-world case in Mexico and Latin America",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Nordea",
      "role": "Issuer; provider-described first Finnish Agent Pay transaction",
      "date": "2026-06-05",
      "source_url": "https://www.nordea.com/en/news/first-ever-finnish-ai-agent-payment-mastercard-and-nordea-completes-live-agentic-transaction",
      "note": "Live agentic transaction on a Nordea Mastercard, orchestrated via PayOS",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "ING",
      "role": "Issuer; provider-described first European agentic payment",
      "date": "2026-06-02",
      "source_url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/06/02/3305397/0/en/WORLDLINE-Worldline-and-ING-complete-a-live-end-to-end-European-agentic-payment-in-production-Press-release.html",
      "note": "With Worldline and Mastercard; the parties described it as Europe's first end-to-end agentic payment in production",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Worldline",
      "role": "Processor; provider-described first European agentic payment",
      "date": "2026-06-02",
      "source_url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/06/02/3305397/0/en/WORLDLINE-Worldline-and-ING-complete-a-live-end-to-end-European-agentic-payment-in-production-Press-release.html",
      "note": "With ING and Mastercard; the parties described it as Europe's first end-to-end agentic payment in production",
      "protocol": "Agent Pay",
      "protocolSlug": "agent-pay",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Google",
      "role": "Creator",
      "date": "2025-04-09",
      "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/a2a-a-new-era-of-agent-interoperability/",
      "note": "Announced with 50+ technology partners",
      "protocol": "A2A",
      "protocolSlug": "a2a",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Amazon Web Services",
      "role": "Linux Foundation project member",
      "date": "2025-06-23",
      "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/",
      "note": "Founding member of the LF Agent2Agent project",
      "protocol": "A2A",
      "protocolSlug": "a2a",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Cisco",
      "role": "Linux Foundation project member",
      "date": "2025-06-23",
      "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/",
      "note": "Founding member of the LF Agent2Agent project",
      "protocol": "A2A",
      "protocolSlug": "a2a",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Microsoft",
      "role": "Linux Foundation project member",
      "date": "2025-06-23",
      "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/",
      "note": "Founding member of the LF Agent2Agent project",
      "protocol": "A2A",
      "protocolSlug": "a2a",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Salesforce",
      "role": "Linux Foundation project member",
      "date": "2025-06-23",
      "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/",
      "note": "Founding member of the LF Agent2Agent project",
      "protocol": "A2A",
      "protocolSlug": "a2a",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "SAP",
      "role": "Linux Foundation project member",
      "date": "2025-06-23",
      "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/",
      "note": "Founding member of the LF Agent2Agent project",
      "protocol": "A2A",
      "protocolSlug": "a2a",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "ServiceNow",
      "role": "Linux Foundation project member",
      "date": "2025-06-23",
      "source_url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/",
      "note": "Founding member of the LF Agent2Agent project",
      "protocol": "A2A",
      "protocolSlug": "a2a",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Tempo",
      "role": "Co-author",
      "date": "2026-03-18",
      "source_url": "https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol",
      "note": "Co-authored the specification",
      "protocol": "MPP",
      "protocolSlug": "mpp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Stripe",
      "role": "Co-author and payment infrastructure",
      "date": "2026-03-18",
      "source_url": "https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol",
      "note": "MPP acceptance via the PaymentIntents API",
      "protocol": "MPP",
      "protocolSlug": "mpp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Browserbase",
      "role": "Adopter",
      "date": "2026-03-18",
      "source_url": "https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol",
      "note": "Agents pay per headless-browser session",
      "protocol": "MPP",
      "protocolSlug": "mpp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "Parallel Web Systems",
      "role": "Adopter",
      "date": "2026-03-18",
      "source_url": "https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol",
      "note": "Agents pay per API call for web access",
      "protocol": "MPP",
      "protocolSlug": "mpp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    },
    {
      "actor": "PostalForm",
      "role": "Adopter",
      "date": "2026-03-18",
      "source_url": "https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol",
      "note": "Agents pay to print and send physical mail",
      "protocol": "MPP",
      "protocolSlug": "mpp",
      "status": "officially-documented"
    }
  ]
}